For centuries, the Gospel of John’s account of Jesus’s burial has carried powerful symbolism: the “messiah” dies in a “place of skulls” and is buried in “a new garden, fertile, unused,” an image that echoes the Garden of Eden. Now, an urban renovation project in Jerusalem has unearthed a site strikingly similar to that biblical scene.
Although rich in spiritual and literary significance, the passage has always lacked geographic precision. That may be changing. A team of archaeologists from La Sapienza University of Rome, led by Professor Francesca Romana Stasolla, has uncovered evidence that could lend unexpected empirical weight to the biblical narrative. Taking advantage of renovations that began in 2019 at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre—long delayed due to disputes between the Orthodox, Franciscan, and Armenian communities who share its custody—the team began excavations in 2022 beneath the 19th-century pavement of the shrine.
There, beneath centuries of sacred ritual and stone, the archaeologists discovered the remains of an Iron Age quarry that, by the time of Jesus, was already being used as a rock-hewn burial site. Although not unique in Jerusalem at the time, this particular site was the one early Christians identified as the place of Jesus’s crucifixion and burial. That conviction was so strong that it led Emperor Constantine, after his conversion to Christianity, to order the construction of the first church on that very ground.
The current church, rebuilt by the Crusaders in the 12th century, is the latest incarnation of this millennia-old devotion. But the most revealing aspect of the recent discovery is that, in the period between the quarry’s abandonment and the church’s construction, the site was repurposed as agricultural land. The archaeologists uncovered low stone walls, cultivated soil, and evidence of olive trees and grapevines dating back around 2,000 years. These findings may correspond to the reference to a “garden” in the Gospel of John, suggesting that whoever wrote or compiled the passage had intimate knowledge of the city’s geography and land use at the time.
Alongside the agricultural remains, coins and ceramic fragments from the 4th century were also found, indicating that the area remained in use even before it was formally Christianized. While Stasolla is cautious and avoids making definitive claims about the site being Jesus’s actual burial place, she emphasizes that the true value of the discovery lies in showing how generations have projected their faith onto this specific location.
According to the researcher, the story of the Holy Sepulchre is not just about a religious figure or a specific faith, but an integral part of Jerusalem’s own history. The site’s transformation over the centuries, the continuity of worship, and the symbolic weight it has accumulated have given it a living identity that goes beyond the realm of archaeology. In this sense, among ancient farm walls, thousand-year-old roots, and sacred soil, the recent discovery digs not only into the physical history of a city but also into the spiritual memory of an entire civilization.
